A short history
The Indus Valley civilisation flourished more than 4,000 years ago, and later empires such as the Mauryas and Guptas spread Hindu and Buddhist culture. The Mughals ruled much of the north from the 1500s and left monuments like the Taj Mahal. Britain controlled India from the 1800s until independence in 1947, when the subcontinent was partitioned into India and Pakistan. Today India is the world's most populous country and a large democracy.