A short history
Spanish conquerors founded Panama City in 1519 on the Pacific coast, the first European city on that ocean. Gold from Peru passed through it to Spain. Pirate Henry Morgan sacked and burned it in 1671. It was rebuilt a few km away in what is now Casco Viejo. After Panama separated from Colombia in 1903, the US built the canal, which opened in 1914 and was handed to Panama in 1999.