A short history
Spain founded Montevideo in 1724 as a walled fortress on the bay, partly to stop the Portuguese from expanding south from Brazil. The port prospered in the colonial era and was fought over by the British, Spanish, Portuguese and Brazilians in the early 1800s. After Uruguay became independent in 1828, the city became its capital and the old walls were pulled down. Waves of Italian and Spanish immigrants in the late 1800s and early 1900s built the grand avenues and Art Deco buildings seen today. It now holds about a third of the country's people and is known for its long waterfront and easygoing pace.