A short history
The Aztecs founded Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco in 1325. Spanish forces under Cortes took it in 1521 and built the colonial capital on its ruins. The lake was drained over centuries, and the city grew into one of the largest in the world. Mexico City became the capital of independent Mexico in 1821, and today it sits at about 2,240 metres above sea level.