A short history
Vilnius was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which in the 1300s and 1400s was among Europe's largest states. It became a major center of Jewish learning, sometimes called the Jerusalem of the North, a community almost entirely destroyed in the Holocaust. Russia ruled the city from 1795, and after World War I it was contested with Poland. Lithuania was the first Soviet republic to declare independence, in 1990. The baroque old town is a UNESCO site.