A short history
Baku's walled old town grew around the Maiden Tower and the 15th century palace of the Shirvanshahs. The Russian Empire took the city in 1806, and an oil boom from the 1870s made it one of the world's main oil producers, funding grand mansions. It was part of the Soviet Union until Azerbaijan regained independence in 1991. New oil and gas wealth paid for modern landmarks such as the Flame Towers. The old city is a UNESCO site.